It has been shown in a few studies that the DNA/cyclic dinucleotides and the dsRNA/RIG-I-MAVS pathways crosstalk and regulate each other.28 There are examples of bacterial and RNA viral concomitant infection cases, such as instances when patients with influenza virus infection become secondary infected with Streptococcus pneumonia or vice versa. The gene discussed is RIGI; the disease is streptococcal pneumonia.