Further ligand–receptor pair analysis of VEGF signaling indicated that the PGF-VEGFR1 pair mediated the crosstalk between CAFs and TECs in T-ICC, while the canonical VEGFA-VEGFR1 ligand–receptor pair mainly accounted for the interaction between malignant cells and TECs (Figure 2G). Here, VEGFA is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.