TNF and neoplasm: Tumor-related inflammatory molecules are known to mainly include transcription factors (such as NF-κB, as well as the signal transduction activation transcription factor STAT3 and HIF-1α), chemotactic factors, cytokines (such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and TNF-α), cyclooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), etc. (16).