Proton pump inhibitor also inhibited eotaxin-3 expression in EoE esophageal cells by blocking the binding of STAT6 to the eotaxin-3 promoter (Zhang et al., 2012; Cheng et al., 2013), providing additional evidence for an acid-independent mechanism of PPI, which could also be at play in the duodenum of PPI-treated FD patients. Here, STAT6 is linked to eosinophilic esophagitis.