As IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β have all been shown to be upregulated in the duodenal mucosa (Komori et al., 2019; Nojkov et al., 2020) or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants from FD patients (Liebregts et al., 2011), they might also be involved in the reciprocal relationship between stress and FD pathophysiology. Here, TNF is linked to Fabry disease.