ENO2 and tuberculosis: It is essential that the cogency of this effect is clarified because: (a) potential BCG replacement TB vaccines must be demonstrated to be non-inferior in this regard, in addition to being safe and efficacious against TB; (b) NSE could be exploited, mimicked or augmented using novel vaccines; (c) discontinuing BCG vaccination programmes due to a decline in TB prevalence may have detrimental knock-on effects; and (d) BCG vaccination may have value in the early control of future emerging pathogens.