MSG011 (2.5 μM) also triggered AMPK signalling (measured by phosphorylation of ACC-Ser79 and the alternate AMPK substrate raptor-Ser792) at levels comparable to extreme energy stress in HEK293T and COS7 cell lines, and significantly activated AMPK in commonly used cancer cell lines HeLa and PC3 (Figure 3B–E and Supplementary Figure S5B–E). This evidence concerns the gene RPTOR and cancer.