TGFB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: As ranked by Fisher’s method, the top canonical pathways include those mediating endothelial and vessel injury responses (coagulation, prothrombin activation, and glycoprotein VI pathways); inflammation and immune response (complement, dendritic cell maturation, pattern recognition, interleukin-10, and innate and adaptive immune response pathways); and TGF-β signaling (Table 1), all of which have been implicated in PAH progression in either patients or preclinical models, or both2,4.