TNF and cancer: This cell panel, as well as the 3C (Venular endothelial cells stimulated with TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-ɣ), and SAg (Venular endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with TCR ligands) also showed antiproliferative effects (Fig. 5), which may relate to the tissue remodelling effects, but also to potential anti-cancer activities proposed for S. officinalis previously [21].