VEGFA and neoplasm: The major identified prognostic factors include tumor size; pattern of invasion; tumor grade; pelvic nodal metastasis; age; race; socioeconomic status; severity of anemia; OTT; and the levels of biomarkers, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), SCC Ag, and CEA.