Inhibitors of Kelch-likeECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) increasethe activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by stalling its ubiquitination and degradation.This enhances the expression of genes encoding proteins involved indrug detoxification, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial function.Nrf2 activation offers a potential therapeutic approach for conditionsincluding Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, vascularinflammation, and chronic obstructive airway disease. This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.