Meanwhile, these hybrid NGs can be taken up by cells, arrest cell cycle to the radiosensitive G2/M phase prior to RT, cause ROS-induced cell apoptosis through synergistic activation of caspases-, p53-, and DNA damage-mediated pathways during X-ray irradiation due to the incorporated Au NPs in the NGs that can localize the radiation dose, and prevent DNA repair due to the continuous production of O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia after RT. Here, TP53 is linked to neoplasm.