Among the top enriched signaling pathway network (Figure S13C), the interactions between THBS2+ CAFs and other cells within the tumor micro-ecosystem were most mediated by THBS, followed by stromal/immune signaling pathways, e.g. THY-1, FN-1, TGF-β, IL6/4, MHC-I, VEGF, CD40, or TIGIT. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.