To address whether the participation of HIF-1α and STAT3 was crucial in modulating ischemic stroke-stimulated PTRF expression, echinomycin (inhibitor of HIF-1α) or S3I-201 (inhibitor of STAT3) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) to mice at the onset of MCAO. Here, HIF1A is linked to ischemic stroke.