ATP5PO and multiple sclerosis: Broadwater et al. (2011) used mass spectrometry to identify proteomic changes associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the motor cortex of patients with multiple sclerosis and confirmed a significant decrease in the content of mitochondrial respiratory complexes ComplexIV and ComplexV via western blotting. Both mitochondrial ATP synthase 6 (mt-Atp6) (log2FC: −1.746) and mitochondrial ATP synthase 8 (mt-Atp8) (log2FC: −1.711) expression levels were decreased. On the other hand, Atp5o (log2FC: 1.048) and Atp5k (log2FC: 1.485) expression levels were increased.