In obesity-associated adipose tissue, chalco-naringenin inhibited proinflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and TNF-α in the paracrine loop between adipocytes and macrophages, and decreased overall inflammation as well as insulin resistance (Hirai et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.