SLC9A6 and Cowden syndrome 1: This observation may be a response to the heightened neurodegeneration detected in CS patients (Christianson et al., 1999; Gilfillan et al., 2008; Garbern et al., 2010; Schroer et al., 2010) and NHE6 KO mice (Stromme et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2017), but it could also be indicative of possible neuroinflammation which may not directly arise from its role in astrocytes.