SD: standard deviation, DM: diabetes mellitus, HTN: hypertension, HLD: hyperlipidemia, CAD: coronary artery disease, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, proBNP: pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, LV: left ventricular, EF: ejection fraction, LVGLS: left ventricular global longitudinal strain, NS: no significant difference between groups. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.