Our work also demonstrated that chronic ICV infusion of Ang-(1-7) reduced MAP and plasma NE (an indicator of sympathetic activity) levels in HS rats, in accordance with previous studies.27,40 Concomitantly, an attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy, as manifested by decreased WHW/BW ratio, WHW/TL ratio, LVW/TL ratio, and protein levels of ANP and β-MHC was demonstrated with Ang-(1-7) treatment in the hypertensive rats, but similar changes were not seen in the normotensive rats receiving Ang-(1-7). Here, NPPA is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.