AKT1 and pancreatic neoplasm: Our previous studies have shown that PAM can induce autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells and induce apoptosis by inhibiting ROS-induced protein kinase B (AKT) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways, which can be reversed via treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC); treatment with PAM alone also inhibits cell migration and invasion and colony formation [14].