HGF and gastric cancer: HGF/c-Met was reported to be a driver and biomarker of VEGFR inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer [24] and to contribute to the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer (GC), etc. To explain the hyperexpression of p-TOPK (S32) in sorafenib-resistant RCC cells, HGF/c-Met was investigated in the present study.