Inversely, macrophage-derived TNFα during obesity inhibits Adiponectin levels in AT, whereas in lean state, Adiponectin inhibits macrophage “foam cell” formation as well as endothelial cell activation and monocyte recruitment (Sikaris, 2004; Fig. 2 B). The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.