TLR4 and colonic neoplasm: Many studies have shown that the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway triggers apoptotic cascades.35 Our research demonstrated that eugenol did not decrease the ratio of MDSCs in the spleens of TLR4 knockout mice bearing colon tumours, suggesting that TLR4 is a possibly receptor involved in the promotion of apoptosis by eugenol.