This is of great importance, since hypoxia is a hallmark of all the solid tumours and due to the structural and functional abnormalities of tumour microcirculation spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the perfusion is caused.96,97 Heterogeneous HIF-1α gradient accumulation in pancreatic tumours has also been reported for patient derived tissues.86,98 Additionally, collagen-I was heterogeneously expressed by the cells within the FN coated scaffolds (Fig. 7). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is neoplasm.