PDI is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes.10 It has been demonstrated that PDI is overexpressed in diseases with ER stress.11,12 PDI is a promising target for cancer therapy.13 PDI has also been shown to play a vital role in thrombus formation.14 PDI is rapidly secreted from platelets and endothelial cells and is critical for platelet accumulation and fibrin generation at sites of injury in a mouse thrombosis model, demonstrating that PDI is also a feasible target for antithrombotic treatment.15 This evidence concerns the gene P4HB and deep vein thrombosis.