INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) are the two major types, and 95% of patients with DM have T2DM.1 T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance, i.e., reduced insulin sensitivity of cells and the inability of cells to facilitate glucose uptake, which results in abnormally high blood glucose levels.2