Key genes that contribute to gliogenesis but also contribute to the stemness in GBM: Notch (cancer stem cells), Sox9, Sox4, and SHH.Notch signaling pathway: In gliogenesis, Notch effector protein (NIFA) binds to GFAP promotor and contributes to astrocytogenesis. The gene discussed is SOX4; the disease is glioblastoma.