By comparing differentially expressed genes between matched BC and CRC clusters [28], we identified all five distinct CAF-S1 subtypes in patients with CRC: ecm-myCAF (GJB; ANTXR1, and SDC1), wound-myCAF (SEMA3C; ANTXR1 and CD9), TGFß-myCAF (CST1; TGFß1; ANTXR1 and LAMP5), IL-iCAF (SCARA5; DLK1), and detox-iCAF (ADH1B; GPC3) (Fig. 3C, Additional file 1: Figs. S12–S18). Here, CD9 is linked to breast cancer.