In addition, other researchers have demonstrated that activation of the JAK1, 2/PD-L1 and Stat3/PD-L1 signalling pathways may decrease the immune cytolytic activity of NK cells toward hypoxia-induced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells, which is expected to provide unique ideas and targets for the immunotherapy of CRPC [17]. Here, STAT3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.