NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: In addition, a variety of natriuretic peptides, including NT-proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), are secreted during hypertrophy of the left ventricle and left atrial dilation, which can be used as powerful hypertrophic markers of the heart in the blood [5, 6].