PAX8 and thyroid gland carcinoma: For example, the comutation of BRAF V600E and TERT in PTCs [46] and the comutation of Ras and TERT in PTCs suggest increased tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis [47], so more aggressive treatment methods such as total thyroidectomy and prophylactic lymph node dissection are used or additional iodine-131 therapy is reasonable, and low-risk genes such as RET/PTC, PAX8/PPARγ, and other low-risk genes have no significant effect on the aggressive development of thyroid cancer [48], so more conservative treatment methods such as close observation or thyroid lobectomy can be used.