Non-tumor-associated dura showed no presence of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSR2), a sensitive marker for meningioma tumor cells [67, 68], low levels of Iba1 (0.228% positive area), CD206 (0.964%), and CD163 (0.368%), and moderate levels of TMEM119 (7.74%), a selective marker for microglia in the brain parenchyma [69] (Additional file 1: Fig. S5). Here, TMEM119 is linked to neoplasm.