In addition, using autoantigen microarrays, we found that B cell–specific disruption of Hem-1 resulted in increased IgM and IgG autoantibodies targeting a large spectrum of autoantigens, including core nucleosome components (histones H2A, H3, and H4; core histone; and nucleosomal antigen) and ribonucleoproteins (U1-snRNAP 68/70, U1-snRNP B/B’, smRNP, SmD1, SmD3, Sm), which are associated with SLE in humans (60). Here, CD40LG is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.