Our study has several challenges and limitations; (i) the local bioavailability of oxLDL was not scalable owing to the scarcity of specific in vivo detection techniques, (ii) the implications of active mediators contained in oxLDL preparations in atherosclerosis pathology are currently unknown, (iii) albumin contamination owing to the cholesterol binding effects hurdled oxLDL preparation, and (iv) the relative small size of target vessel challenged (60). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is atherosclerosis.