Apart from their roles in digestion, both primary and secondary BAs are important hormones that interact with host nuclear receptors, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled receptors to influence multiple aspects of host metabolisms, cancer progression, and immunity (Jia et al., 2018; Lavelle and Sokol, 2020; Mohseni et al., 2020; Quinn et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and cancer.