XPA and skin neoplasm: Combined Xpa and Msh2 deficiencies in mice are associated with an increase in UV-induced skin cancers, and similarly Xpc-/-; Msh2-/- mice developed UV-induced skin cancers earlier than their wild-type counterparts or those deficient in either Xpc or Msh2 alone, suggesting cooperative but non-overlapping roles in UV-induced DNA damage repair (57, 58).