In a case-control study of hepatocellular carcinoma HCC related to aflatoxin B1 exposure, XPC polymorphism codon 939Gln allele, whether heterozygous (XPC-LG) or homozygous (XPC-GG), is associated with increased risk of HCC; these genotype variants correlated with decreased XPC tumor protein expression by IHC as well as a shorter overall survival (109). Here, XPC is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.