Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that CCL3 is associated with the progression of multiple inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (19), chronic myeloid leukemia (20), and acute and chronic (fibrotic) liver damage (21), however, the effects of CCL3 on the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, injury progression, and functional recovery in NEC remain unclear. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.