For the third pair of networks, it was demonstrated that the testis-specific protein Y-linked 1 (TSPY1) activates the PI3K/AKT and RAS signaling pathways by suppressing IGFBP3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma progression (Tu et al., 2019). Here, TSPY1 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.