One factor that is thought to mediate the electrophysiological effect of IGF-I is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which normally induces the transcription of cytoprotective enzymes involved in antioxidative pathways (52, 53) that have the ability to suppress ventricular arrhythmias. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to Ventricular arrhythmia.