TNF and cancer: Based on KEGG analysis, overexpressed genes are mainly involved in autophagy-animals, ferroptosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)).