VEGFA and chronic cystitis: Here, we examine inflammatory mediators (e.g., NGF, BDNF, VEGF, CCL2, IL-6) previously shown to increase expression and exhibit functional effects in micturition pathways in rodent models of CYP-induced cystitis (Vizzard, 2000b; Malley and Vizzard, 2002; Hu et al., 2005; Zvara and Vizzard, 2007; Cheppudira et al., 2008; Girard et al., 2011a,2016; Arms et al., 2013; Tooke et al., 2019).