CD163 and neoplasm: To characterize the expression level of LncRNA-PACERR in TAMs in PDAC, we isolated CD163+ cells which represented TAMs from tumour core of PDAC with a volume of 0.5 cm3 and CD80+ cells which were regarded as M1 macrophages in normal tissue-resident macrophages (M1-NTRMs) from para-cancerous tissues with a volume of 0.5 cm3 from 46 PDAC patients by using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) (Fig. 1a).