Although the safety of CD34 + cell therapy for the CKD patients has been proved, the efficacy for improvement in the renal function was not observed by these two clinical trials [30, 31], implicating that CD34 + cells and other endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may not have the reliable ability to overcome the intricate mechanisms that participate in CKD initiation and propagation [21–29]. This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and chronic kidney disease.