APOA1 and peripheral arterial disease: The developed multivariable regression model, detailed in Fig. 3, demonstrated that ceramide ratio C24:1/C24:0 (adjusted β = 7.36 [5.74, 20.47]; p = 0.02), acylcarnitine ratio C4/C18:2 (adjusted β = 3.02 [0.09 to 6.06]; p = 0.04), history of peripheral artery disease (β = 3.02 [0.09, 6.06]; p = 0.04), and age > 65 (β = 2.02 [0.09, 6.06]; p = 0.04) were independently and positively associated with the SYNTAX score, while ApoA1 (adjusted β= − 0.65 [− 1.31, − 0.02]; p = 0.04) independently predicted decreased SYNTAX score.