Furthermore, western blotting of the pulled-down circVAMP3-enriched proteins indicated that circVAMP3 could interact with endogenous LDHA in RCC cells (Fig. 5C) as well as with the recombinant LDHA protein (Fig. 5D), indicating direct binding between circVAMP3 and LDHA. This evidence concerns the gene LDHA and renal cell carcinoma.