GLI3 and diabetes mellitus: After multivariable adjustment for covariates among all HFrEF patients, DM was found to be an independent determinant of impaired GRPS (β = − 0.189; p = 0.011), GCPS (β = 0.217; p = 0.005) and GLPS (β = 0.237; p = 0.002) (Table 3).