CXCL9 and neoplasm: Since effector T cells are known to infiltrate into tumor tissues under the guidance of inflammatory chemokines [13], we studied the mRNA expression of chemokines in tumor cells and macrophages in the co-culture system with CD4+ T cells and found that various chemokines (CXCL9-11) related to IFN-γ were significantly upregulated, and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IFN-γ was significantly increased in the supernatants (Fig. 2D).