CSF3 and neoplasm: The effect of tumor- or stroma-derived G-CSF on Ly6G+ or Gr1+/hi granulocytes has since been confirmed by many additional groups (Casbon et al., 2015; Coffelt et al., 2015; Hsu et al., 2019; Strauss et al., 2015; Wculek and Malanchi, 2015; Welte et al., 2016), and it is now known that mechanistically, tumor-derived G-CSF skews hematopoiesis within BM toward the myeloid lineage resulting in elevated systemic frequencies of both immature and mature neutrophils with immunosuppressive properties in mice (Casbon et al., 2015).