IFNA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: It is widely accepted that such mechanisms operate in the islets of people with type 1 diabetes since there is firm evidence that both enteroviral infection and IFNα secretion occur in the islets during the development of beta-cell autoimmunity (Foulis et al. 1987, Jean-Baptiste et al. 2017, Craig et al. 2019, Akhbari et al. 2020).