TLR4 and infection: Despite the lack of automation and subsequently the difficulty of high throughputness as in C. elegans screen, our work is noteworthy, considering several advantages of Drosophila infections over C. elegans infections: Drosophila exhibits closer evolutionary relatedness to human than C. elegans in regards to innate immunity: for example, C. elegans lacks the canonical TLR signaling pathways for NF-κB activation, whereas Drosophila possess orthologous pathways (Toll and Imd) to activate Dorsal, Dif and Relish [35].