ATP5F1E and tuberculosis: BDQ is the first respiratory inhibitor that acts by binding to the oligomeric and proteolipid subunit C of Mtb ATP synthase (atpE gene).5,6 BDQ was very effective against both the susceptible and multi-drug resistant TB.9 However, there is a high prevalence of mutations in Mtb genes, including atpE, atpC, mmpR (Rv0678) to bedaquiline.